Introduction: Recurrent tonsillitis is diagnosed when an individual has 7 episodes of tonsillitis in 1 year, 5 episodes in 2 consecutive years, or 3 episodes each year for 3 years consecutively. Chronic tonsillitis is a poorly understood definition and the difference between chronic and recurrent tonsillitis is not well known. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study aimed at finding the correlation between the diagnostic histopathological criteria in cases with recurrent tonsillitis with laboratory findings. This was carried out in the Otorhinolaryngology Departments of Suez Canal University and Ismailia General Hospitals and the Pathology laboratory, Suez Canal University Hospital, Egypt. The study included 175 patients sampled from those patients attending the E.N.T outpatient clinic. There were 69 females and 106 males. The patient’s age ranged between 4-12 years old. Results: Histopathological examination of removed tonsils revealed that all samples studied had small to moderate lymphocytic infiltration. Diffuse lymphocytic infiltration was observed in 78.3%. Ugras abscess was found in 52.6%. Half of the patients (50.9%) had 2 histopathological findings and 40% had 3 findings while only 9.1% had one finding.Ugras abscess was more common among patients with elevated ESR. Most of patients with normal ESR were found to have only 2 histopathological findings (67.6%) while 44.7% of patients with elevated ESR were found to have three of the histopathological findings of chronic tonsillitis. Ugras abscess were more common among patients with elevated ASOT (62.2% versus 35.9% in patients with normal ASOT). Total number of histopathodlogical findings of chronic tonsillitis was not significantly different between patients with normal ASOT and elevated ASOT. Conclusion: Recurrent tonsillitis is a clinical criterion and different from chronic tonsillitis which is a pathological diagnosis. Chronic tonsillitis is found in tonsils with fewer recurrence rate. Combined clinical and laboratory criteria increase the likelihood for the diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of various types of head and neck cancer in Jazan province, Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods: This was a prospective study of histologically confirmed cancer cases in Jizan, Saudi Arabia. One hundred and thirty two cases were histologically confirmed to have cancer in the head and neck region. Type of management for each case was also included. Results: The type of cancer which was more frequently seen among the studied sample was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Almost 61.3% of the patients were seen to be affected with SCC followed by thyroid cancer (21.2%). Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma was seen in (12.3%) of the cases, which was the most common site in the recorded data. Conclusion: Head and neck cancers are increasing in Jazan region. Oral and oropharyngeal cancers show the most significant rise due to smokless tobacoo, with implications for public health action and service provision.

Objectives: To identify nurses pre and post graduate clinical support and confidence level for tracheostomy management. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in two tertiary care centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Abdulaziz University and King Fahad Military Hospital, during the period from February to October 2014. Results: Two hundred and six nurses were enrolled in the study. Majority of nurses (69%) had an experience of less than 11 years and they were mostly working for forty hours or more weekly (77.5%). The respondent nurses indicated that they were working in different departments with varied frequencies and they were confronted with different age group of patients. Sixty two point three per cent indicated that they had from 1-10 hours of formal training on managing patients with tracheostomy. It was observed that almost one half of the nurses (53.2%) perceived that they are up to date with the available evidence-based practice regarding tracheostomy management. However, only 11.4% of the nurses perceived that they were very confident in managing patients with tracheostomy and those who require ventilator assistance in addition. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the importance of formal training and exposure, which reflect on nurses training, clinical support and confidence in management of tracheostomy patients.

Objective: Rhinoplasty is a difficult operation and has the highest rates of revision surgery. It is often accompanied by septoplasty. Osseocartilagenous vault irregularity, radix depression and saddle deformity of the nose are common problems encountered in rhinoplasty. Deep temporalis fascia available in large quantity can be used alone or in combination with diced cartilage for augmentation rhinoplasty, and to camouflage the nasal dorsal irregularities. A wide variety of grafts is used to augment the nasal dorsum. The aim of the study was to note the nasofrontal, nasolabial, nasofacial angles measurements, functional and aesthetic assessment before and after septorhinoplasty. Methods: A retrospective chart review was done on 69 patients, who underwent septorhinoplasty at our institute (Jan 2011 – Jan 2014). Out of these, 31 patients underwent dorsal augmentation with temporalis fascia as a blanket endonasal coverage in one group and diced cartilage with temporalis fascia in the other group (38 patients). The diced cartilage was obtained from nasal septum in 16 cases (42.1%), chonchal cartilage in 14 cases (36.84%), rib cartilage in 5 cases (13.15%) and Goretex in 3 cases (7.89%) wrapped in temporalis fascia for dorsal augmentation was included in the same group.The operative details, surgical outcome, and complications noted have been mentioned. Results: The nasofrontal angle, nasal labial angle and nasofacial angle were reduced in the dorsal augmentation using diced cartilage with temporalis fascia group compared to the temporalis fascia alone group. As per the functional point of view (breathing quality) score, we found in the first group that all 31 patients were satisfied (100%), while in the second group we found that 37 patients out of 38 were satisfied (97.4%). Only one patient (3.2%) out of 31 patient in the first group was not satisfied form the aesthetic point of view while in the second group we found that 6 patients (15.5%) out of 38 were not satisfied. Conclusion: Temporalis fascia used in any form like a blanket, or with diced cartilage wrapped with fascia offers the advantage of smooth nasal dorsum, a reasonable functional improvement and a better option for nasal dorsal osseocartilagenous reconstruction.